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Malaysia, which shares most of the balance of Borneo, should be taking the lead on these efforts. With a strong economy, coupled with national wealth and a strong central government, Malaysia has few excuses not to reign in deforestation and promote sustainable use within its borders. Outside its territory, Malaysia should take initiative in prosecuting firms found guilty of igniting fires for land-clearing purposes in Kalimantan. It's time that these parties be held accountable for their actions — no more light sentences or petty fines.

Education
Efforts in two further areas are key to improving livelihoods in Borneo — especially Kalimantan: education and healthcare. Basic education can go a long way in a place where many aren't in school at the age of 13. Curriculums should include some fundamental information on the environment with emphasis on the importance of ecosystem services afforded by intact forests. Education is also important among the general population. Understanding the full cost of environmental degradation combined with learning new cultivation techniques and economic opportunities provided by certain crops could be hugely beneficial to rural populations.

Healthcare
In remote parts of Kalimantan the state of healthcare is appalling. Without adequate assurance of good health, people can't be productive, plan for the long-term, or even feed their families. One innovative organization working to address health issues in Kalimantan is Health In Harmony. Working in conjunction with the local government and communities, this program is developing medical facilities to provide high-quality, low-cost health care to poor communities; medical and environmental training programs for local people to help promote self-sufficiency and sustainability; and environmentally friendly community development programs.