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Beyond setting aside areas for protection, it is crucial that forest be restored. The use of native tree species should be encouraged though financial incentives and education programs. While this effort can be costly, especially in heavily degraded areas, research into improving reforestation techniques could make it less so, especially with the help of outside governments, NGOs and private foundations. Further, there is a strong possibility that under future climate agreements, reforestation could pay direct economic dividends as well stimulating the local economy and spurring village-level entrepreneurship opportunities.

It is important to recognize that the burden of protecting and reforesting Indonesia should not be solely on Indonesia. Much of the logging that so denuded Kalimantan's landscape was the result of Western demand in an environment where a weak and corrupt government meant the vast majority if Indonesians had little control over national resources. Indonesia is now a democracy — most Indonesians had little to do with this plunder and cannot be held responsible for the actions of the past kleptocracy. Indonesia, where more than 80 million of 246 million inhabitants live on less than a $1 per day, is still wrestling with devising ways to provide basic services to the masses, including health care, education, and basic infrastructure, both financial and physical.